Journal of Asia Social Science Studies

The Oversight of the System of Checks and Balances Between the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches Under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2017

tanaroj lortanapaisan — 2025-08-26

This research aims to (1) analyze the structure of the separation and balance of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (2017); (2) compare the Thai constitutional mechanisms of checks and balances with the classical theory of Montesquieu and with constitutional systems in France and Germany; and (3) propose policy recommendations to improve the balance of power to ensure greater transparency and alignment with democratic principles in the Thai context. The study employs a documentary research methodology by examining theoretical literature, constitutional law, academic papers, and case studies from both domestic and international sources, including a comparative analysis of legal provisions and political contexts. The findings reveal that while the Thai Constitution formally establishes the principle of separation of powers, in practice, the system of checks and balances remains asymmetrical. Particularly, the expansion of authority of independent bodies and the Constitutional Court—despite their broad influence over the political branches—lacks adequate accountability mechanisms. This undermines the representative power of the people and weakens the effectiveness of institutional oversight, resulting in legislative and executive decisions that fail to reflect the democratic will. Compared with Montesquieu’s original theory and the constitutional structures of France and Germany, it is evident that these countries have more balanced systems, with institutional arrangements that allow for mutual oversight and maintain a strong linkage with the people. In contrast, Thailand continues to face challenges with powerful institutions lacking transparency and sufficient accountability. The research proposes structural reforms, including clearly defining the scope of authority of the Constitutional Court and independent bodies within legal limits, and strengthening public oversight and institutional accountability mechanisms. These reforms aim to establish a checks-and-balances system that is transparent, equitable, and genuinely consistent with democratic principles in the Thai political landscape.

When the State Creates Insecurity: Lessons from the Collapse of the Auditor General's Building and the Eroding Public Trust

pudcharapon mungdonkang — 2025-08-26

This article analyzes the collapse of the Office of the Auditor General (Sao Tong) building, reflecting the failure of the Thai state in ensuring public safety, especially for workers in state construction projects who are directly affected by errors in the oversight and management processes of large state construction projects. The building collapse not only destroyed physical infrastructure but also severely undermined the trust that the public has in the state, which is considered one of the most crucial resources in governing society. The article raises important questions about the role of the state as both a regulator and a client, highlighting conflicts of interest that arise when the state must oversee and control its own operations. It also discusses the vulnerability of workers in state projects, who face insecure legal and human rights status, while the state fails to take adequate responsibility for protecting their lives. The article proposes ways to restore public trust by emphasizing reforms in procurement systems, independent audits, and fostering a culture of accountability within the bureaucracy. It also advocates for the design of policies that prioritize humanitarian values and respect for citizens' rights. The article calls for a shift in the state's role from a "managerial state" to a "responsible state," characterized by transparency, accountability, and a commitment to human rights in all processes. These changes would create a system capable of restoring public trust and confidence in the state once again.

The Challenges of Hinduism in Modern Indian Society

sutee malaikul — 2025-08-26

Hinduism is the predominant religion in India, playing a significant role in morality, culture, and politics. While Hinduism continues to influence daily life for many, it faces several challenges, including political issues, religious diversity, and societal conflicts.A key challenge is the use of Hinduism for political gain, which has led to religious divisions and conflicts between different groups within society. The politicization of religion has caused tensions and conflicts between Hindus and other religious groups, such as Muslims, Christians, and Sikhs. Additionally, the religious diversity in India presents challenges for social integration, especially in areas with religious conflicts, such as Kashmir, where religious division is a major issue. Furthermore, Hinduism also faces internal conflicts among various groups, such as debates over the validity of religious teachings and practices, as well as questions about traditional customs like the caste system and the role of women in society. The adaptation of Hinduism to the changes of the modern world, including developments in education, technology, and new social values, presents additional challenges. To address these challenges, it is essential to establish a balance between religion and politics. Maintaining religious neutrality in governance will help reduce religious conflicts and promote peaceful coexistence. Promoting education about religious diversity within the education system is crucial to reducing divisions and enhancing understanding of societal diversity. Moreover, adapting Hinduism to the modern world, including economic development, education, and new values, will help ensure its continued importance and peaceful coexistence with other religions.

The Spread and Adaptation of Christianity in Asian Societies

anothai pabunsuk — 2025-08-26

This academic article investigates the phenomenon of the spread and adaptation of Christianity in the Asian context through comparative case studies of four countries: the Philippines, India, China, and South Korea. Each of these countries embodies unique historical, cultural, and political circumstances, which in turn shape distinct manifestations of Christianity in terms of its recognition, cultural adaptation, and diverse social roles. Employing a descriptive and comparative analytical approach, the study examines Christianity not merely as a Western import but as a dynamic faith tradition capable of undergoing “localization” — a process by which Christian beliefs and practices are reinterpreted to align with indigenous worldviews, values, and ways of life.The findings reveal that in the Philippines, Christianity has become deeply embedded in national identity; in India, it serves as a platform for challenging the caste system and advocating for social justice; in China, it exists under state surveillance, often in hidden or unofficial forms; while in South Korea, it plays a significant role in democratization, economic development, and urban community formation. These varied contexts illustrate that Christianity in Asia should be understood as a dynamic and dialogical religion—constantly being reinterpreted and negotiated within each local setting that transcends Western-centric paradigms by recognizing religion as an active component of contemporary sociopolitical structures and cultural transformation.