ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES BASED ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP OF ZHUGE LIANG

Abstract

Objectives of this article were to study and synthesize the concept of administrative leadership of Zhuge Liang in order to propose guidelines for organizational development The findings revealed that Zhuge Liang’s leadership reflected the characteristics of ethical leadership that adhered to ethical standards while integrating a systems-based approach to management. This approach viewed the organization as an interconnected whole in which various elements are systematically linked together. The analysis synthesized five key approaches to organizational development: 1. The formulation of integrated policies that balance stability, efficiency, and morality while ensuring fair law enforcement; 2. Organizational and structural management aimed at building stability and continuity of organizational systems beyond dependence on individuals; 3. The delegation of tasks based on knowledge, competence, and suitability according to meritocratic principles; 4. Participatory management and openness to diverse opinions without bias, leading to decision-making based on collective wisdom; and 5. Performance evaluation and supervision grounded in transparency, fairness, and sustainable development. The knowledge derived from this study could be applied as a conceptual framework for organizational development in order to enhance organizational effectiveness, collaboration, and trust within organizations in accordance with the changing social context.