As an integral component of our editorial process, all submitted manuscripts undergo rigorous plagiarism screening administered by our quality control management. Plagiarism entails the attempt by an author to present another individual's work as their own. Concurrently, duplicate publication, colloquially termed self-plagiarism, transpires when an author reiterates substantial portions of their previously published work without requisite citation. This phenomenon spans from the replication of identical papers across multiple journals to the subtle practice of "salami-slicing," wherein authors incrementally append new data to an antecedent publication. Manuscripts identified as containing instances of plagiarism are subject to commensurate measures, contingent upon the extent of the transgression: Over 20% Plagiarism Manuscripts shall be returned to the authors for substantive content revision, followed by resubmission for further consideration within the journal's processing framework otherwise rejected.

Plagiarism may manifest in multifarious forms, including:

         1. Literal reproduction of content sourced from external materials.

         2. Intentional appropriation of segments from the works of other authors.

         3. Duplication of elements from another author's oeuvre, encompassing figures, tables, equations, or illustrations, devoid of appropriate attribution, particularly where such components do not constitute common knowledge.

         4. Utilization of text gleaned from online repositories bereft of citation.

         5. Unacknowledged replication or acquisition of figures, photographs, or diagrams from external sources.

“Plagiarism represents a grave violation of academic integrity and ethical principles underpinning scholarly discourse.”