ROLES OF BHIKKHUNI IN THERAVADA BUDDHISM

Abstract

This research has the objectives: (1) to study the background of Theravada nuns in Buddhism, (2) to study and analyze the attitude towards the existence of Theravada nuns, and (3) to study the attitude of Thai monastic institutions towards the existence of Theravada nuns. The residence of Thai Theravada nuns Synthesize and interpret information by integrating legal principles related to Thai Theravada nuns. This documentary research collects primary data from the Thai Tripitaka and secondary from documents, academic articles, books, textbooks, and related research. Analyze data using a descriptive inductive method using objectives as a guideline. The research results found that:
            Background of Theravada nuns in Buddhism: In ancient Indian society, women were excluded and refused them to participate in religion because of social values and traditions. But the Lord Buddha accepted women from all castes for ordination in Buddhism, without any restrictions. This led to the ordination of the first nun, Prajapati Gotami Theri, in Buddhism. By requesting Phra Ananda's permission after he had attained enlightenment for 5 years, many nuns were ordained in Buddhism. Analyzing the attitudes towards the existence of Theravada nuns, it is evident that Theravada bhikkhunis have disappeared from the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. There is no historical evidence of bhikkhunis in Thailand. There are efforts in Theravada Buddhist countries to rehabilitate nuns-especially in Thailand, which is internationally recognized as a center of Buddhism. However, this movement is supported by a small group of people. The general public does not see the need for bhikkhunis because they have never existed since ancient times.
            The researcher has concluded that the role of bhikkhunis has five key aspects, consisting of (1) the role of spreading teachings; and announcement of the Buddha's teachings to create knowledge. Understanding the teachings of Buddhism is important to spread to all directions. (2) The role of education and welfare; the women of the ancient Indian subcontinent received microscopic study. There is a traditional law that requires young women to be married before their teenage years, causing them to lack educational opportunities. (3) Governing roles; when there are nuns, it is necessary to have a government of nuns separate from the monks. The nuns ruled each other. It is under the Dhamma and Vinaya. (4) the role of preserving arts and culture; humans must know how to take advantage of nature and how to control the behavior of other people. Arts and culture are therefore the determinants of prosperity and deterioration of life and society. (5) the role of public welfare; participation in making benefits to society and community, promoting careers, and creating benefits for the public.