The Religious syncretism in Buddhist Temples: A Case Study of Phantha Temple, Mueang District, Sisaket Province

Abstract

This research aims to examine the integration of religious beliefs in a Buddhist temple through a case study of Phantha Temple, Mueang District, Sisaket Province, as reflected in sacred sculptures housed within the temple. The study employs documentary research and interviews with individuals associated with the temple and its diverse belief systems, including monks, temple staff, and devotees, and presents the findings through descriptive–analytical analysis.

The results reveal that Thai society is multicultural, characterized by a wide diversity of cultures and religious beliefs, which is also evident within the grounds of Phantha Temple, where beliefs in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism, Brahmanism, spirit worship, indigenous beliefs, and other traditions are blended through various sacred images. These include Phra Phuttha Maneenopparat (Luang Pho Mai Thong), Phra Phuttha Chinnarat, Luang Pho Thanjai, the Five Emerald Buddha Brothers (Theravada Buddhism); Avalokitesvara (Mahayana Buddhism); Narayana and Ganesha (Brahmanism); Mae Takhian (spirit belief); the Naga (indigenous belief); and images of King Rama V and Princess Srinagarindra (other belief systems). The establishment of these sacred objects within the temple stems from the abbot’s intention, donations from lay devotees, beliefs that the sacred beings themselves wished to reside there, and broader social changes. These sacred entities are believed to protect worshippers from harm, enhance the temple’s role and significance as an important Buddhist religious site for major rituals, serve as a spiritual anchor for the local community, and ensure the successful completion of religious ceremonies.